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Stem Cell Research – On Target Or Off Base?
Few things have caused more excitement in scientific circles in recent years than stem cell research. Imagine having an unlimited supply of healthy cells, tissues, even organs that can be transplanted to restore damage done by injury or disease. Much like replacing worn parts of your car, you could go in for a cell transplant and regenerate defective tissue.
The classic example, which has been practiced for over 40 years, is the bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow is harvested from a donor by puncturing the hipbone and drawing out cells with a syringe. About 1 in 100,000 cells in the marrow is actually a hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cell, while the rest are other types of white and red blood cells.(1)
How the Magic Happens
Actually, the “magic” part, or just how it works, is still a mystery. What is known is this…
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow can:
- Renew themselves so as to repair and maintain tissue growth
- Differentiate into a variety of more specialized cells
- Mobilize out of the bone and into circulating blood
- Undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death) when no longer needed2
Mastering control of these functions of HSCs is the researcher’s dream since it would allow manipulation and use of stem cells for tissue and organ repair. These particular blood cells, HSCs, show the greatest promise since they are the key to maintenance and immune protection for every cell type in the human body.
Promises, Promises
A recent study published in Experimental Hematology, conducted at Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA, revealed that there are problems inherent in how stem cell research is done. For all the promise and excitement generated, some basic factors may not have been taken into account.(3)
First of all, typical bone marrow transplants are giving way to the harvesting of donor cells from circulating blood. Injecting the donor with a cytokine causes the bone marrow cells to migrate out into the blood stream. An intravenous tube then passes the donor’s blood through a filtering system that captures CD34+ white cells and returns the red cells back to the donor. 5 to 20% of the collected cells will be HSCs, which is about twice as many as can be obtained from a marrow transplant.(4)
Behind the Scenes
A number of other factors must be considered. Let’s take a look at each one.
Stem Cell Purification – Traditionally, the HSCs are separated out from the general marrow cell population by means of adding an epitope (binding) tag. Now the stem cell is isolated, but it is no longer in its random natural state, which may not be truly representative of the stem cell in the original marrow makeup. It is unknown what might have been lost in the epitope purification process. This makes for an unaccountable variable in final results.(5)
Circadian Rhythms – If you’ve ever suffered jet lag, or done shift work, you know how unsettling it is to your natural body clock. Well guess what – even HSCs are subject to a molecular clock and circadian regulation. HSCs peak in the bloodstream about 5 hours after perceiving light and reach a low point about 5 hours after the onset of darkness.(6) Therefore, in clinical applications, the timing of stem cell harvest and infusion will impact the therapeutic outcome of the procedure. This factor is not always taken into account.
The Irradiated Microenvironment – It only makes sense that stem cells will be somewhat dependent on the environment they are injected into. Studies indicate that irradiated marrow tissue might be toxic to the injected stem cells, which limits their capacity to self-renew. A better understanding of HSC proliferative regulation is necessary to achieve the most efficient transplantation.(7)
No Rose-Colored Glasses
While stem cell research holds out great hope for medical miracles in the future, all of the above-mentioned issues need to be addressed. Future stem cell research must account for the variables that can affect therapeutic outcomes.
As always, I enjoy sharing these cutting-edge research studies with you. Please remember to consult your physician before making any changes to your diet, supplement or exercise schedule.
Until next time…
Sources:
- Regenerative Medicine. Department of Health and Human Services. August 2006.
- Regenerative Medicine. Department of Health and Human Services. August 2006.
- Quesenberry, Peter J, Dooner, Gerri J, Dooner, Mark S, “Problems in the Promised Land: Status of Adult Marrow Stem Cell Biology”, Experimental Hematology, 2009 July 37 (7): 775-83
- Regenerative Medicine. Department of Health and Human Services. August 2006.
- Quesenberry, Peter J, Dooner, Gerri J, Dooner, Mark S, “Problems in the Promised Land: Status of Adult Marrow Stem Cell Biology”, Experimental Hematology, 2009 July 37 (7): 775-83
- Mendez-Ferrer, S, Lucas, Daniel, Battista, Michela, Frenette, Paul S, “Haematopoietic stem cell release is regulated by circadian oscillations”, Nature 452, 442-447 (27 March 2008)
- Quesenberry, Peter J, Dooner, Gerri J, Dooner, Mark S, “Problems in the Promised Land: Status of Adult Marrow Stem Cell Biology”, Experimental Hematology, 2009 July 37 (7): 775-83
About the Author
Dr. Blankstein has been practicing for over 30 years as a leading Cardiologist. Trained in traditional medicine and Board Certified in both Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease, he knows the importance of good medical care. This consideration has allowed him to discover safe and natural ways of healing. His dedication to bringing the latest and best in health solutions to his patients and the public has given him the experience to research and develop proven natural remedies for many illnesses.
© 2009 Chesapeake Nutraceuticals
Why isnt stem cell Research being solved in USA?
Why isnt stem cell Research being solved in USA? In IRAN they already made a CLone of a baby Lamb(this means us americans are way behind already). We are Stronger and Smarter,but we can see we are beaten by the Middle east
THE LIBS WOULD LIKE YOU TO THINK, we're not doing anything with stem cells but that is far from the truth. The argument is with embryonic stem cells, which have not proved to be as effective as adult stem cells. See for yourself
Stem Cell Research - News Results
Yale, UConn and Wesleyan to share $20M for stem cell research - Boston Globe - Nov 21 5:39 PM
California OKs $150 million stem-cell research loan - Reuters via Yahoo! News - Nov 20 4:12 PM
State OKs loan to aid stem cell research center - Los Angeles Times - Nov 21 12:11 AM
As for cloning Iran is sucking hind tit, go here
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml#animals
Judge blocks key parts of Arizona immigration law
A U.S. judge on Wednesday blocked key parts of Arizona's tough new immigration law just hours before it was to take effect handing a victory to the Obama administration as it tries to take control over the issue.
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